TERM 4
EVOLUTION REVIEW
1.What is Evolution?
Charles Darwin's theory of evolution is basically the theory where all organisms are based from a single organism at the start. In other words, it is basically a theory where all organisms on earth came/evolved from the same organism at the start making us all very similar with each other.
Evolution is the gradual improvements all organisms go through that basically will help them adapt and live better on their sorroundings/environment.
2.Difference between fact and theory.
A fact is something that has been confirmed multiple times and also has a strong evidence that proves the idea/fact. The evidence that usually supports a fact are usually the ones that are actually visible on the current time.
A theory is a compilation of facts, hypothesis and idea that hasn't really been really confirmed fully. There are some cases where a theory has evidences that proves the theory, but those evidences are not really strong due to it not actually visible during the process.
3.How do species evolve?
Organisms basically evolve when mutations occur. Sometimes organisms that were born slight differently due to a mutation actually has slight advantages than their "orIginal" versions. Making them adapt and live better in their environments. These mutations occur many times over generations, these slight changes is how organisms look like they are now.
Charles Darwin's theory of evolution is basically the theory where all organisms are based from a single organism at the start. In other words, it is basically a theory where all organisms on earth came/evolved from the same organism at the start making us all very similar with each other.
Evolution is the gradual improvements all organisms go through that basically will help them adapt and live better on their sorroundings/environment.
2.Difference between fact and theory.
A fact is something that has been confirmed multiple times and also has a strong evidence that proves the idea/fact. The evidence that usually supports a fact are usually the ones that are actually visible on the current time.
A theory is a compilation of facts, hypothesis and idea that hasn't really been really confirmed fully. There are some cases where a theory has evidences that proves the theory, but those evidences are not really strong due to it not actually visible during the process.
3.How do species evolve?
Organisms basically evolve when mutations occur. Sometimes organisms that were born slight differently due to a mutation actually has slight advantages than their "orIginal" versions. Making them adapt and live better in their environments. These mutations occur many times over generations, these slight changes is how organisms look like they are now.
TERM 3
DICOT VS MONOCOT
monocot_vs_dicot.docx | |
File Size: | 612 kb |
File Type: | docx |
IMAGINARY ANIMAL
imaginary_animal.pdf | |
File Size: | 216 kb |
File Type: |
TERM 1
THE CELL THEORY
13th Aug 2017
1.How did janssen’s, hooke’s, and leewenhoek’s work contribute to the work of the scientist that came after them?
Zacharias Janssen was the person who created microscopes. He was the first person to put a thing under the microscope and he was the first human to see a cell wall of a cork. Robert Hooke examined small and thin slices of cork and saw/discovered a large number of tiny compartments that he would later name cells. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek created a better microscope which he then use to discover and tell the world about bacteria.
Their work led humans to keep on updating their discoveries and made a humans more open minded about the world. Janssen’s discovery (microscope) also made humans to keep on making further advanced technologies.
2.How would our lives be different if we never realized the existence of microorganisms? Provide atleast one example to support your answer?
Without the knowledge of micro organisms, we would not be able to figure things out about living things properly. We would not know how living things are produced properly and would rather believe in assumptions that are made believed by the community. An example of that is rotten meat would eventually produce maggots and flies out of the rotten meat itself.
3. Describe the concept of spontaneous generation. Why do you think it took such a long time for people to accept that this idea was incorrect?
The concept of spontaneous generation is a theory or an ideology which most people believe through out the years of 1668-1859. The concept believes that the origin of some living comes from non-living things. One example is that they believe that some living things such as mice could be eventually be produced by leaving bread in a dark corner, or rotten meat could eventually produce maggots and flies. The concept was long believed until further advanced technologies were used to discover things in such more detail.
4. How do you think the cell theory impacted later scientific discoveries? Explain your answer.
The discovery of the cell theory led to scientific investigations/experiments being investigated in a lot more detailed way with most investigations being required to use microscopes. The cell theory impacts investigations in which where symptoms of certain diseases would be looked at in such detail basically starting to look at the cells. Things such as cancer and other viruses would be required to use the microscope to clarify the type of diseases a patient is diagnosed with.
5. The microscope and numerous experiments lead to the rejection of spontaneous generation. This idea had been accepted by most people, including scientists, for over 200 years. How does this demonstrate the true nature of science?
The true nature of science has some ideas that were used as the principles of science. One of the idea is : “Scientific knowledge is tentative”. The true nature of science’s statement were proven to be true due to the fact that the concept of spontaneous generation (which was believed by humans for over 200 years) were rejected and replaced by a further advanced and modern theory/concept. This shows that the concept of “Scientific knowledge is tentative” is true and it shows that science is always going to evolve due to the fact further advanced technologies will be made as time goes by.
6. Review Pasteur's experiment. Relate his experiment to the scientific method.
a. What was Pasteur's question?
“Where do the microbes come from to cause broth to decay.“
b. State a reasonable hypothesis based upon this question.
Microbes come from things that were on tools used to make the broth(example: dirty container, dirty spoon ect) and things surrounding the broth/going inside the broth (example: polluted air, small living things such as flies)
c. What was the independent variable in Pasteur's experiment? What was the dependent variable?
Independent variable : Shape of the neck of the flasks
Dependent variable : Growth of microorganisms
d. What did Pasteur conclude from his experiment
Microbes only exists from pre existing microbes. The broth that became cloudy/ that developed microbes were the one contaminated by the air that came inside the broth.
7. Examine your timeline. How long did it take to develop the cell theory? What does this imply about the formulation of a theory?
1665 Cells were first seen and observed
1670-80s Living cells were first seen. First discovery of bacteria
1833 Further parts of the cell were discovered, nucleus.
1839 Cell theory was established with 2 statements, 1 - Cells are organisms and all organisms consist of one or more cells 2 - The cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms
1855 3rd statement of the cell theory was made which was “All cells come from preexisting cells through the process of cell division. “ This 3rd statement eventually led to the downfall of the spontaneous generation.
From the end to the beginning of the timeline, it almost took 200 years to finally conclude what the cell theory is. Though it is not in the final stage(since humans will keep on discovering new things), this means that theories are not an easy thing to develop because it needs strong evidence for it to be socially accepted. Though the cell theory is already heavily based on evidence, it is allegedly said still not be accepted worldwide, and thus, it is why theories are a complicated thing to formulate.
8. Why do we still consider the cell theory a theory? Explain your answer.
In my opinion, though it is called the Cell Theory, in some cases, theory does not always mean its not true. It could also mean a fact or an explanation. Though cells are heavily based on proof, we don’t know what could be discovered in the next 100 or more years using the higher technologies humans would use then. Just like the concept of spontaneous generation, what we accept now might not be true after further investigations were made. Just like what the true nature of science stated, “Scientific knowledge is tentative”.
13th Aug 2017
1.How did janssen’s, hooke’s, and leewenhoek’s work contribute to the work of the scientist that came after them?
Zacharias Janssen was the person who created microscopes. He was the first person to put a thing under the microscope and he was the first human to see a cell wall of a cork. Robert Hooke examined small and thin slices of cork and saw/discovered a large number of tiny compartments that he would later name cells. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek created a better microscope which he then use to discover and tell the world about bacteria.
Their work led humans to keep on updating their discoveries and made a humans more open minded about the world. Janssen’s discovery (microscope) also made humans to keep on making further advanced technologies.
2.How would our lives be different if we never realized the existence of microorganisms? Provide atleast one example to support your answer?
Without the knowledge of micro organisms, we would not be able to figure things out about living things properly. We would not know how living things are produced properly and would rather believe in assumptions that are made believed by the community. An example of that is rotten meat would eventually produce maggots and flies out of the rotten meat itself.
3. Describe the concept of spontaneous generation. Why do you think it took such a long time for people to accept that this idea was incorrect?
The concept of spontaneous generation is a theory or an ideology which most people believe through out the years of 1668-1859. The concept believes that the origin of some living comes from non-living things. One example is that they believe that some living things such as mice could be eventually be produced by leaving bread in a dark corner, or rotten meat could eventually produce maggots and flies. The concept was long believed until further advanced technologies were used to discover things in such more detail.
4. How do you think the cell theory impacted later scientific discoveries? Explain your answer.
The discovery of the cell theory led to scientific investigations/experiments being investigated in a lot more detailed way with most investigations being required to use microscopes. The cell theory impacts investigations in which where symptoms of certain diseases would be looked at in such detail basically starting to look at the cells. Things such as cancer and other viruses would be required to use the microscope to clarify the type of diseases a patient is diagnosed with.
5. The microscope and numerous experiments lead to the rejection of spontaneous generation. This idea had been accepted by most people, including scientists, for over 200 years. How does this demonstrate the true nature of science?
The true nature of science has some ideas that were used as the principles of science. One of the idea is : “Scientific knowledge is tentative”. The true nature of science’s statement were proven to be true due to the fact that the concept of spontaneous generation (which was believed by humans for over 200 years) were rejected and replaced by a further advanced and modern theory/concept. This shows that the concept of “Scientific knowledge is tentative” is true and it shows that science is always going to evolve due to the fact further advanced technologies will be made as time goes by.
6. Review Pasteur's experiment. Relate his experiment to the scientific method.
a. What was Pasteur's question?
“Where do the microbes come from to cause broth to decay.“
b. State a reasonable hypothesis based upon this question.
Microbes come from things that were on tools used to make the broth(example: dirty container, dirty spoon ect) and things surrounding the broth/going inside the broth (example: polluted air, small living things such as flies)
c. What was the independent variable in Pasteur's experiment? What was the dependent variable?
Independent variable : Shape of the neck of the flasks
Dependent variable : Growth of microorganisms
d. What did Pasteur conclude from his experiment
Microbes only exists from pre existing microbes. The broth that became cloudy/ that developed microbes were the one contaminated by the air that came inside the broth.
7. Examine your timeline. How long did it take to develop the cell theory? What does this imply about the formulation of a theory?
1665 Cells were first seen and observed
1670-80s Living cells were first seen. First discovery of bacteria
1833 Further parts of the cell were discovered, nucleus.
1839 Cell theory was established with 2 statements, 1 - Cells are organisms and all organisms consist of one or more cells 2 - The cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms
1855 3rd statement of the cell theory was made which was “All cells come from preexisting cells through the process of cell division. “ This 3rd statement eventually led to the downfall of the spontaneous generation.
From the end to the beginning of the timeline, it almost took 200 years to finally conclude what the cell theory is. Though it is not in the final stage(since humans will keep on discovering new things), this means that theories are not an easy thing to develop because it needs strong evidence for it to be socially accepted. Though the cell theory is already heavily based on evidence, it is allegedly said still not be accepted worldwide, and thus, it is why theories are a complicated thing to formulate.
8. Why do we still consider the cell theory a theory? Explain your answer.
In my opinion, though it is called the Cell Theory, in some cases, theory does not always mean its not true. It could also mean a fact or an explanation. Though cells are heavily based on proof, we don’t know what could be discovered in the next 100 or more years using the higher technologies humans would use then. Just like the concept of spontaneous generation, what we accept now might not be true after further investigations were made. Just like what the true nature of science stated, “Scientific knowledge is tentative”.
CELL ANALOGY
21st Aug 2017
Cells are made up of many different organelles. Each organelle has their own role to keep things right inside the cell. Therefore, cells could be made into an analogy. In this analogy, cells could be represented as a bank. Why a bank? The reasons would be explained below.
The bank has lots of things that are similar to the things that are contained inside a plant cell. If the building of the bank itself represents a cell, the walls and structure of the building would then be presented as the cytoskeleton. They both give the structure its overall shape. Cell membranes represent the door because they both let things in and out, and the Cell wall represents the wall of the building itself.
The nucleus would then be similar to the bank manager, due to the fact that they both control and give orders to most of the things that are available in the cell/bank.
The vacuole would then be presented as the bank vault. They both serve very similar roles which is to serve as the storage. The vault stores gold and money, while the vacuole stores things such as water, sugar , protein and etc. The protein in the bank could be presented as the actual money, and the Ribosomes would then be the ATM or the money printer due to the fact that they both produce money
The chloroplast would then be represented as the debt collector due to the fact that they both “collect”/”absorb” things the cell/bank would need.
Golgi apparatus represents the receptionist as they both receive things and order/let the received things to it proper destination.
In a cell, mitochondria produces energy for the daily use of a cell. In a bank, mitochondria could be presented as the guy who hire people(I think its called the HRD if im not mistaken) as it hires people(similar to mitochondria producing energy sort of) and those people would then be the ones working in the bank.
The ER represents the rooms/cubicle of the bank as it holds rooms for the money printer/ATM. While the lysosome could be presented as the toilet because it serves the purpose of acting as the waste disposal system and you know what toilets are used for.
21st Aug 2017
Cells are made up of many different organelles. Each organelle has their own role to keep things right inside the cell. Therefore, cells could be made into an analogy. In this analogy, cells could be represented as a bank. Why a bank? The reasons would be explained below.
The bank has lots of things that are similar to the things that are contained inside a plant cell. If the building of the bank itself represents a cell, the walls and structure of the building would then be presented as the cytoskeleton. They both give the structure its overall shape. Cell membranes represent the door because they both let things in and out, and the Cell wall represents the wall of the building itself.
The nucleus would then be similar to the bank manager, due to the fact that they both control and give orders to most of the things that are available in the cell/bank.
The vacuole would then be presented as the bank vault. They both serve very similar roles which is to serve as the storage. The vault stores gold and money, while the vacuole stores things such as water, sugar , protein and etc. The protein in the bank could be presented as the actual money, and the Ribosomes would then be the ATM or the money printer due to the fact that they both produce money
The chloroplast would then be represented as the debt collector due to the fact that they both “collect”/”absorb” things the cell/bank would need.
Golgi apparatus represents the receptionist as they both receive things and order/let the received things to it proper destination.
In a cell, mitochondria produces energy for the daily use of a cell. In a bank, mitochondria could be presented as the guy who hire people(I think its called the HRD if im not mistaken) as it hires people(similar to mitochondria producing energy sort of) and those people would then be the ones working in the bank.
The ER represents the rooms/cubicle of the bank as it holds rooms for the money printer/ATM. While the lysosome could be presented as the toilet because it serves the purpose of acting as the waste disposal system and you know what toilets are used for.
LAB REPORT - OSMOSIS
10th September 2017
10th September 2017
scienceosmosisreport.docx | |
File Size: | 25 kb |
File Type: | docx |
CAMPAIGN PROPOSAL
1st Draft - 14th September 2017
hiv_aids.docx | |
File Size: | 337 kb |
File Type: | docx |
TERM I REVIEW
In this term of biology, we learned about cells. First, we were thought about the cell theory in general and how it was first discovered. We learned about the ideology before the cell theory which is called “spontaneous generation, how the cells was first discovered, and basically the history and the laws of cells.
After the history and the basics of cells, we learned about the cell organelles and how plant and animal cells differ from each other. Then, after learning the basics of cell organelles, we were thought about the form of energy in cells (ATP) and how it functions in the cell. After learning those things, we went into the lab and conducted an experiment about our next topic, which was osmosis.
In the end of the term, we learned about photosynthesis and cellular respiration. We learnt each of their chemical reactions and how things are basically a cycle.
Aside from the “theories”, we also had to make a proposal which we are going to do next term as our end of semester project. That project will be related with microorganisms. My group’s topic specifically chose the disease HIV.
For the next term(s), I could improve my work by making sure to do my assignments right after it was assigned and not procrastinate so that I could spend more time on the assignment rather than rushing over it.
After the history and the basics of cells, we learned about the cell organelles and how plant and animal cells differ from each other. Then, after learning the basics of cell organelles, we were thought about the form of energy in cells (ATP) and how it functions in the cell. After learning those things, we went into the lab and conducted an experiment about our next topic, which was osmosis.
In the end of the term, we learned about photosynthesis and cellular respiration. We learnt each of their chemical reactions and how things are basically a cycle.
Aside from the “theories”, we also had to make a proposal which we are going to do next term as our end of semester project. That project will be related with microorganisms. My group’s topic specifically chose the disease HIV.
For the next term(s), I could improve my work by making sure to do my assignments right after it was assigned and not procrastinate so that I could spend more time on the assignment rather than rushing over it.